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Review Article | Open Access

Lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion despite higher dietary magnesium intake in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Haixin Zhanga,b,1, Ruwen Wanga,1, Shanshan Guoc, Qianqian Tiana, Shuang Zhanga,d, Liang Guoa, Tiemin Liuc( ), Ru Wanga( )
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
Department of Physical Education, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
School of Kinesiology, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China

1These authors contributed equally.

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Magnesium plays a critical role in the human's life activities and energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the magnesium status of athletes via a systematic review of cross-sectional studies. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library electronic databases, and other sources before April 5, 2021. Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review, involving 855 athletes and 521 control subjects. Serum magnesium concentration was significantly lower in athletes (mean difference (MD): −0.04 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval (CI): −0.06 to −0.01; P = 0.02) in spite of significantly higher dietary magnesium intake (MD: 51.72 mg/day; 95 % CI: 14.62 to 88.83; P = 0.006). Meta-analysis showed that 24-h urinary magnesium excretion in athletes was significantly higher than that in the untrained population (MD: 0.76 mmol/day; 95 % CI: 0.11 to 1.41; P = 0.02). Despite higher total dietary magnesium intake, athletes generally have lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion, demonstrating that the magnesium requirement of athletes is higher than the untrained population. It is necessary to carry out a dietary assessment and nutrition counseling to help athletes adopt proper diets to meet their nutritional needs in exercise.

Keywords

AthletesMagnesium statusDietary magnesium intakeSerum magnesium

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 12 Issue 5,
September 2023
Pages 1471-1480
DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.015
Cite this article:
Zhang H, Wang R, Guo S, et al. Lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion despite higher dietary magnesium intake in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(5): 1471-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.015

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Received: 04 July 2021
Revised: 22 July 2021
Accepted: 23 August 2021
Published: 21 March 2023
© 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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