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Review Article | Open Access

Biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system

Cheng Lia,b( ), Yiming Huc, Songnan Lib, Xueer Yia, Shuaibo Shaoa, Wenwen Yud, Enpeng Lie
School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Abstract

Starch digestion rate and location in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are critical for human health. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary on our current understanding of physiological, biochemical, anatomical and geometrical factors of human digestive system that are related to in vivo starch digestibility. It is shown that all digestive compartments including mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine play critical roles in regulating the overall starch digestion process. A proper investigation of starch digestion pattern should thus be based on the consideration of all these compartments. Main biological factors are summarized as oral mastication and salivation, gastric emptying and motility, small intestinal enzymes and motility, large intestinal resistant starch (RS)-microbiota interactions and gut-brain feedback control, as well as glucose adsorption and hormonal feedback control. However, connections among these biological factors in determining starch digestive behaviors remain elusive. This is due to the inherent complexity of human GIT anatomy, motility and biochemical conditions, as well as ethical, financial and technical issues in conducting clinical studies. Much technological and scientific efforts from both clinical studies and in vitro simulation models are required for a better understanding of in vivo starch digestion behaviors.

Keywords

Starch digestionHuman gastrointestinal tractBiological factorsGastric emptying rateGut microbiota

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 12 Issue 2,
March 2023
Pages 351-358
DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.037
Cite this article:
Li C, Hu Y, Li S, et al. Biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(2): 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.037

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Received: 25 December 2020
Revised: 07 January 2021
Accepted: 02 February 2021
Published: 07 September 2022
© 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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