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In our previous study, defatted walnut meal hydrolysate (DWMH) could attenuate D-galactose-induced acute memory deficits in vivo, and 6 potent active peptides including WSREEQ, WSREEQE, WSREEQEREE, ADIYTE, ADIYTEEAG and ADIYTEEAGR were identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism underlying their neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and their digestive stability. Results showed that all these peptides could attenuate the reduction of cell viability caused by glutamate in PC12 cells, especially WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR. The addition of Arg residue in WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR might be the potential reason for their stronger protective effects. Additionally, these two peptides possibly protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis via activating intracellular antioxidant defence (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) through Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) inhibition, inhibiting ROS production, Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse as well as regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). This might be due to the presence of Trp, Tyr and Arg in these two peptides. However, encapsulation of WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR should be considered based on their digestive sensibility during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.


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The neuroprotective effect of walnut-derived peptides against glutamate-induced damage in PC12 cells: mechanism and bioavailability

Show Author's information Shuguang Wanga,bLin Zhenga,bTiantian Zhaoa,bQi Zhanga,bGuowan Sua,b,c( )Mouming Zhaoa,b( )
School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China

Abstract

In our previous study, defatted walnut meal hydrolysate (DWMH) could attenuate D-galactose-induced acute memory deficits in vivo, and 6 potent active peptides including WSREEQ, WSREEQE, WSREEQEREE, ADIYTE, ADIYTEEAG and ADIYTEEAGR were identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism underlying their neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and their digestive stability. Results showed that all these peptides could attenuate the reduction of cell viability caused by glutamate in PC12 cells, especially WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR. The addition of Arg residue in WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR might be the potential reason for their stronger protective effects. Additionally, these two peptides possibly protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis via activating intracellular antioxidant defence (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) through Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) inhibition, inhibiting ROS production, Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse as well as regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). This might be due to the presence of Trp, Tyr and Arg in these two peptides. However, encapsulation of WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR should be considered based on their digestive sensibility during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

Keywords: Neuroprotective effects, Walnut peptides, PC12 cells, Oxidative injury, Digestive stability

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Received: 20 September 2020
Revised: 20 November 2020
Accepted: 20 December 2020
Published: 28 April 2022
Issue date: July 2022

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© 2022 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Taishan Industry Leading Talent Project, Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program (2020B020226005), the Specific Fund Program for Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province (2019A1515011952), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. x2skD2192510), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong for Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020A1515010659) and Special Support Project of Guangxi Province for Innovation driven Development (Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd., AA17204075).

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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