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Research Article | Open Access

Divergent changes in diversity and network complexity across different trophic-level organisms drive soil multifunctionality of fire-impacted subtropical forests

Luhong Zhoua, Shangshi Liub, Debao Lina, Hang-Wei Huc, Ji-Zheng Hea,c( )
Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
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Abstract

Widespread forest fires pose significant challenges to the diverse communities of soil-dwelling organisms and the multiple ecosystem functions they support. However, whether the biodiversity and interactions of various taxonomic groups respond to fire consistently in terms of direction and extent, and their relative role in regulating post-fire soil functioning, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated whether the diversity and co-occurrence networks of soil organisms across various trophic levels (including bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) in subtropical forests exhibit consistent responses to fire. Furthermore, we investigated their contribution to regulating soil multifunctionality, which is measured by a range of soil extracellular enzyme activities, available nutrients and reduced potential fungal plant pathogens. Our findings revealed that fire led to a decline in the richness of fungi, protists, and invertebrates, without significantly impacting bacterial richness. Fire also simplified the microbial co-occurrence networks while complexifying the invertebrate networks. Interestingly, soil multifunctionality tended to decrease with the richness of lower-trophic communities (i.e., bacteria), whereas it increased with that of high-trophic communities (i.e., protists and invertebrates). Moreover, fire indirectly influenced soil multifunctionality by altering biodiversity and network complexity, particularly pronounced in high-trophic communities. Overall, our results underscored the divergent vulnerability of biodiversity and networks to fires across taxa groups, highlighting the crucial role of biodiversity and interactions of higher trophic taxa groups in shaping the recovery and functionality of fire-affected soils.

Keywords

InvertebratesMicroorganismMultifunctionalityProtistsWildfire

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 5,
October 2024
Article number: 100227
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100227
Cite this article:
Zhou L, Liu S, Lin D, et al. Divergent changes in diversity and network complexity across different trophic-level organisms drive soil multifunctionality of fire-impacted subtropical forests. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(5): 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100227

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Received: 06 June 2024
Revised: 13 July 2024
Accepted: 13 July 2024
Published: 18 July 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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