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Research Article | Open Access

Phosphorus limitation on CO2 fertilization effect in tropical forests informed by a coupled biogeochemical model

Zhuonan Wanga, Hanqin Tianb,c( ), Shufen Panb,d, Hao Shie, Jia Yangf, Naishen Liangg, Latif Kalinh, Christopher Andersonh
Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Abstract

Tropical forests store more than half of the world's terrestrial carbon (C) pool and account for one-third of global net primary productivity (NPP). Many terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) estimate increased productivity in tropical forests throughout the 21st century due to CO2 fertilization. However, phosphorus (P) limitations on vegetation photosynthesis and productivity could significantly reduce the CO2 fertilization effect. Here, we used a carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus coupled model (Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model; DLEM-CNP) with heterogeneous maximum carboxylation rates to examine how P limitation has affected C fluxes in tropical forests during 1860–2018. Our model results showed that the inclusion of the P processes enhanced model performance in simulating ecosystem productivity. We further compared the simulations from DLEM-CNP, DLEM-CN, and DLEM-C and the results showed that the inclusion of P processes reduced the CO2 fertilization effect on gross primary production (GPP) by 25% and 45%, and net ecosystem production (NEP) by 28% and 41%, respectively, relative to CN-only and C-only models. From the 1860s to the 2010s, the DLEM-CNP estimated that in tropical forests GPP increased by 17%, plant respiration (Ra) increased by 18%, ecosystem respiration (Rh) increased by 13%, NEP increased by 121% per unit area, respectively. Additionally, factorial experiments with DLEM-CNP showed that the enhanced NPP benefiting from the CO2 fertilization effect had been offset by 135% due to deforestation from the 1860s to the 2010s. Our study highlights the importance of P limitation on the C cycle and the weakened CO2 fertilization effect resulting from P limitation in tropical forests.

Keywords

Tropical forestsCarbon–nitrogen–phosphorus modelPhosphorus limitationCO2 fertilization effectTerrestrial ecosystem model

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 4,
August 2024
Article number: 100210
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100210
Cite this article:
Wang Z, Tian H, Pan S, et al. Phosphorus limitation on CO2 fertilization effect in tropical forests informed by a coupled biogeochemical model. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(4): 100210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100210

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Received: 09 March 2024
Revised: 28 May 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2024
Published: 01 June 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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