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Research Article | Open Access

Disparities in tree mortality among plant functional types (PFTs) in a temperate forest: Insights into size-dependent and PFT-specific patterns

Man Hua,b, Hang Shia,b, Rui Hea,c, Bingbin Wend, Haikun Liua,c, Kerong Zhanga,b, Xiao Shua,b, Haishan Danga,b( ), Quanfa Zhanga,b
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle-Gontrode, 9090, Belgium
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Abstract

Tree mortality significantly influences forest structure and function, yet our understanding of its dynamic patterns among a range of tree sizes and among different plant functional types (PFTs) remains incomplete. This study analysed size-dependent tree mortality in a temperate forest, encompassing 46 tree species and 32,565 individuals across different PFTs (i.e., evergreen conifer vs. deciduous broadleaf species, shade-tolerant vs. shade-intolerant species). By employing all-subset regression procedures and logistic generalized linear mixed-effects models, we identified distinct mortality patterns influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Our results showed a stable mortality pattern in evergreen conifer species, contrasted by a declining pattern in deciduous broadleaf and shade-tolerant, as well as shade-intolerant species, across size classes. The contribution to tree mortality of evergreen conifer species shifted from abiotic to biotic factors with increasing size, while the mortality of deciduous broadleaf species was mainly influenced by biotic factors, such as initial diameter at breast height (DBH) and conspecific negative density. For shade-tolerant species, the mortality of small individuals was mainly determined by initial DBH and conspecific negative density dependence, whereas the mortality of large individuals was subjected to the combined effect of biotic (competition from neighbours) and abiotic factors (i.e., convexity and pH). As for shade-intolerant species, competition from neighbours was found to be the main driver of tree mortality throughout their growth stages. Thus, these insights enhance our understanding of forest dynamics by revealing the size-dependent and PFT-specific tree mortality patterns, which may inform strategies for maintaining forest diversity and resilience in temperate forest ecosystems.

Keywords

Size-dependent tree mortalityPlant functional typeNeighbourhood competitionTopography variablesSoil properties

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 4,
August 2024
Article number: 100208
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100208
Cite this article:
Hu M, Shi H, He R, et al. Disparities in tree mortality among plant functional types (PFTs) in a temperate forest: Insights into size-dependent and PFT-specific patterns. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(4): 100208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100208

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Received: 28 February 2024
Revised: 19 May 2024
Accepted: 20 May 2024
Published: 29 May 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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