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Research Article | Open Access

Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity, large trees, and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests

Yue Chena,b,c, Zikun Maoa,c, Jonathan A. Myersd, Jinghua Yua, Xugao Wanga,c( )
CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, 110016, China
Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract

Biodiversity, large trees, and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon stocks. However, recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations, whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees, diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM trees. To test this hypothesis, we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots (30 m ​× ​30 ​m) across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity (species diversity and ecological uniqueness), large trees (top 1% of tree diameters), and environmental factors (climate and soil nutrients) differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees, EM trees, and AM and EM trees combined (i.e. total aboveground carbon stock). We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon stocks. However, biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM vs. EM tree carbon stocks. Specifically, the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks, but negative effects on EM tree carbon stocks. Environmental heterogeneity (mean annual temperature and soil nutrients) also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon stocks. Consequently, for the total carbon stock, the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment effect. This is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock, the opposite diversity-effect (also environment-effect) on AM vs. EM tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is amplified. In summary, this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.

Keywords

BiodiversityEcological uniquenessEnvironment heterogeneityLarge treesMycorrhizal associationsTree carbon stock

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 4,
August 2024
Article number: 100205
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100205
Cite this article:
Chen Y, Mao Z, Myers JA, et al. Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity, large trees, and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(4): 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100205

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Received: 24 December 2023
Revised: 13 May 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2024
Published: 16 June 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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