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Research Article | Open Access

Polypore funga and species diversity in tropical forest ecosystems of Africa, America and Asia, and a comparison with temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere

Heng Zhaoa, Yingda Wua,b, Zhirong Yanga, Honggao Liuc,d, Fang Wua, Yucheng Daia, Yuan Yuana( )
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention, Ministry of Emergency Management, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China
Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Green Planting and Processing of Gastrodia, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China
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Abstract

Polypores play a crucial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems. The majority of them are wood degraders; some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms, mostly invertebrates, but also some vertebrates, as well as food and medicine for humans. Despite extensive research on the species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of polypores in recent years, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their distribution patterns and species composition at the large scale. Checklists of polypores from the tropical zone, including tropical Africa, tropical America, and tropical Asia, were analyzed for species diversity, distribution patterns, major taxa, and nutritional modes. A total of 1,902 polypore species was found in the three regions, representing 8 orders, 46 families, and 250 genera of Agaricomycetes. The orders Polyporales (especially the family Polyporaceae) and Hymenochaetales (especially the family Hymenochaetaceae) had the most prolific taxa, with their species accounting for 93.4% of the total polypores listed. Each of 1,565 (or 82.3%) of the total 1,902 species were found in only one of the three regions studied, and we treat them temporarily as "regional endemic species". Only 141 species were shared among all three regions, accounting for a mere 7.4%. Tropical Africa and tropical America had the greatest number of shared species and the highest Sørensen similarity index (SC) value. Tropical forests had a higher species richness compared with temperate to boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere, and in addition, also a higher proportion of white rot polypores compared to brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. This study outlines the distribution patterns and species diversity of polypores in the world, shedding light on their ecological significance in diverse ecosystems.

Keywords

AgaricomycetesMacrofungiSpecies compositionWood-decay fungi

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 4,
August 2024
Article number: 100200
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100200
Cite this article:
Zhao H, Wu Y, Yang Z, et al. Polypore funga and species diversity in tropical forest ecosystems of Africa, America and Asia, and a comparison with temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(4): 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100200

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Received: 26 January 2024
Revised: 23 April 2024
Accepted: 23 April 2024
Published: 03 May 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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