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Research Article | Open Access

The unimodal latitudinal pattern of K, Ca and Mg concentration and its potential drivers in forest foliage in eastern China

Zhijuan Shia, Sining Liub, Yahan Chenc, Dongdong Dinga, Wenxuan Hana( )
Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Abstract

Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) are essential elements with important physiological functions in plants. Previous studies showed that leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing latitudes. However, recent meta-analyses suggested the possibility of a unimodal pattern in the concentrations of these elements along latitudinal gradients. The authenticity of this unimodal latitudinal pattern, however, requires validation through large-scale field experimental data, and exploration of the underlying mechanisms if the pattern is confirmed. Here, we collected leaves of common species of woody plants from 19 montane forests in the north-south transect of eastern China, including 322 species from 160 genera, 67 families; and then determined leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations to explore their latitudinal patterns and driving mechanisms. Our results support unimodal latitudinal patterns for all three elements in woody plants across eastern China, with peak values at latitude 36.5 ​± ​1.0° N. The shift of plant-functional-type compositions from evergreen broadleaves to deciduous broadleaves and to conifers along this latitudinal span was the key factor contributing to these patterns. Climatic factors, mainly temperature, and to a lesser extent solar radiation and precipitation, were the main environmental drivers. These factors, by altering the composition of plant communities and regulating plant physiological activities, influence the latitudinal patterns of plant nutrient concentrations. Our findings also suggest that high leaf K, Ca, and Mg concentrations may represent an adaptive strategy for plants to withstand water stress, which might be used to predict plant nutrient responses to climate changes at large scales, and broaden the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of K, Ca, and Mg.

Keywords

PotassiumCalciumMagnesiumMid-latitudesLatitudinal patternPlant functional typeWater stressWoody plant

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 3,
June 2024
Article number: 100193
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100193

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Cite this article:
Shi Z, Liu S, Chen Y, et al. The unimodal latitudinal pattern of K, Ca and Mg concentration and its potential drivers in forest foliage in eastern China. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(3): 100193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100193

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Received: 27 November 2023
Revised: 31 March 2024
Accepted: 31 March 2024
Published: 06 April 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).