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Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow 2022, 4(4): 445-464 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0123-5
Research Article | Issue | Published: 15 December 2021

Liquid volume and squeeze force effects on nasal irrigation using Volume of Fluid modelling

Show Author's Information Kendra Shrestha1,  Eugene Wong2,  Hana Salati1,  David F. Fletcher3,  Narinder Singh2,4,  Kiao Inthavong1( )
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
School of Medicine, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Keywords:
nasal cavity, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), saline irrigation, sinus flush, rhinosinusitis, nasal spray
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Shrestha K, Wong E, Salati H, et al. Liquid volume and squeeze force effects on nasal irrigation using Volume of Fluid modelling. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2022, 4(4): 445-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0123-5
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

For various sinonasal conditions, including chronic rhinosinusitis, saline irrigation is an accepted standard-of-care treatment. This study was aimed at determining the effect of increased irrigation volumes and greater squeeze force on mucosal irrigation. A sinonasal cavity computational model was reconstructed from high-resolution CT scans of a healthy, unoperated 25-year old female. Seven combinations of irrigation volumes (70, 150, 200, and 400 mL) and squeeze forces (ramp time 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 s) at a fixed head tilt of 0 degrees to the horizontal (Frankfort position) were performed. Velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress, together with mapping of surface coverage and residual volumes at specific locations and time were demonstrated. Higher volume irrigation (400 mL) and greater squeeze force (ramp time 0.1 s) improved irrigation coverage on the ipsilateral and contralateral sinonasal surfaces and increased shear force (approximately 140 Pa). An increase in irrigation volume from 70 to 150 mL approximately doubled sinus surface coverage and from 70 to 200 mL tripled sinus surface coverage. A faster squeeze also contributed to increased sinus surface coverage but its effect was less influential. We infer that the greater irrigation volume and squeeze force improve therapeutic benefit in terms of lavage and distribution of topical medications.


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About this article

Liquid volume and squeeze force effects on nasal irrigation using Volume of Fluid modelling

Show Author's information Kendra Shrestha1, Eugene Wong2, Hana Salati1, David F. Fletcher3, Narinder Singh2,4, Kiao Inthavong1( )
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
School of Medicine, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

Abstract

For various sinonasal conditions, including chronic rhinosinusitis, saline irrigation is an accepted standard-of-care treatment. This study was aimed at determining the effect of increased irrigation volumes and greater squeeze force on mucosal irrigation. A sinonasal cavity computational model was reconstructed from high-resolution CT scans of a healthy, unoperated 25-year old female. Seven combinations of irrigation volumes (70, 150, 200, and 400 mL) and squeeze forces (ramp time 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 s) at a fixed head tilt of 0 degrees to the horizontal (Frankfort position) were performed. Velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress, together with mapping of surface coverage and residual volumes at specific locations and time were demonstrated. Higher volume irrigation (400 mL) and greater squeeze force (ramp time 0.1 s) improved irrigation coverage on the ipsilateral and contralateral sinonasal surfaces and increased shear force (approximately 140 Pa). An increase in irrigation volume from 70 to 150 mL approximately doubled sinus surface coverage and from 70 to 200 mL tripled sinus surface coverage. A faster squeeze also contributed to increased sinus surface coverage but its effect was less influential. We infer that the greater irrigation volume and squeeze force improve therapeutic benefit in terms of lavage and distribution of topical medications.

Keywords: nasal cavity, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), saline irrigation, sinus flush, rhinosinusitis, nasal spray

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 04 April 2021
Revised: 10 July 2021
Accepted: 07 September 2021
Published: 15 December 2021
Issue date: December 2022

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2021

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation Conjoint Grant 2019. Kiao Inthavong is a consultant for ENT Technologies and received a research grant for part of this current work.

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