AI Chat Paper
Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.
{{expandStatus?'Exit ':''}}Advanced Search
The proper formation of synapses is essential for brain function. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are thought to play essential roles in the initiation of the synapse formation process. The artificial synapse formation assay, in which non-neuronal cells and neurons are co-cultured, has been shown to be a powerful system for screening CAMs. However, controlling a large number of cell pools in co-culture is complicated, creating a potential barrier for high-throughput screening. This protocol describes a new co-culture method in which cDNA plasmid is transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T cells using polyetherimide 24 h after cells were mixed with neurons, and immunostaining and confocal imaging are employed for analyzing synaptogenesis. This optimized method is simpler and easier to perform than the traditional method for the examination of the synaptogenic activities of individual cell-surface proteins in isolation, and provides an unbiased screening platform for synaptogenic proteins.
Aoto J, Ting P, Maghsoodi B, Xu N, Henkemeyer M, Chen L, (2007) Postsynaptic ephrinB3 promotes shaft glutamatergic synapse formation.J Neurosci 27:7508-7519
Biederer T, Sara Y, Mozhayeva M, Atasoy D, Liu X, Kavalali ET, Sudhof TC, (2002) SynCAM, a synaptic adhesion molecule that drives synapse assembly.Science 297:1525-1531
Biesemann C, Gronborg M, Luquet E, Wichert SP, Bernard V, Bungers SR, Cooper B, Varoqueaux F, Li L, Byrne JA, Urlaub H, Jahn O, Brose N, Herzog E, (2014) Proteomic screening of glutamatergic mouse brain synaptosomes isolated by fluorescence activated sorting.EMBO J 33:157-170
Boda B, Dubos A, Muller D, (2010) Signaling mechanisms regulating synapse formation and function in mental retardation.Curr Opin Neurobiol 20:519-527
Chubykin AA, Atasoy D, Etherton MR, Brose N, Kavalali ET, Gibson JR, Sudhof TC, (2007) Activity-dependent validation of excitatory versus inhibitory synapses by neuroligin-1 versus neuroligin-2.Neuron 54:919-931
Foldy C, Darmanis S, Aoto J, Malenka RC, Quake SR, Sudhof TC, (2016) Single-cell RNAseq reveals cell adhesion molecule profiles in electrophysiologically defined neurons.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:E5222-5231
Frese CK, Mikhaylova M, Stucchi R, Gautier V, Liu Q, Mohammed S, Heck AJR, Altelaar AFM, Hoogenraad CC, (2017) Quantitative map of proteome dynamics during neuronal differentiation.Cell Rep 18:1527-1542
Graf ER, Zhang X, Jin SX, Linhoff MW, Craig AM, (2004) Neurexins induce differentiation of GABA and glutamate postsynaptic specializations via neuroligins.Cell 119:1013-1026
Harris KM, Weinberg RJ, (2012) Ultrastructure of synapses in the mammalian brain.Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 4:a005587
Jiang W, Wei M, Liu M, Pan Y, Cao D, Yang X, Zhang C, (2017) Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) as a synaptic adhesion molecule that promotes synapse formation.J Neurosci 37:9828-9843
Kayser MS, McClelland AC, Hughes EG, Dalva MB, (2006) Intracellular and trans-synaptic regulation of glutamatergic synaptogenesis by EphB receptors.J Neurosci 26:12152-12164
Kim S, Burette A, Chung HS, Kwon SK, Woo J, Lee HW, Kim K, Kim H, Weinberg RJ, Kim E, (2006) NGL family PSD-95-interacting adhesion molecules regulate excitatory synapse formation.Nat Neurosci 9:1294-1301
Linhoff MW, Lauren J, Cassidy RM, Dobie FA, Takahashi H, Nygaard HB, Airaksinen MS, Strittmatter SM, Craig AM, (2009) An unbiased expression screen for synaptogenic proteins identifies the LRRTM protein family as synaptic organizers.Neuron 61:734-749
McAllister AK, (2007) Dynamic aspects of CNS synapse formation.Annu Rev Neurosci 30:425-450
Missler M, Zhang W, Rohlmann A, Kattenstroth G, Hammer RE, Gottmann K, Sudhof TC, (2003) Alpha-neurexins couple Ca2+ channels to synaptic vesicle exocytosis.Nature 423:939-948
Pereda AE, (2014) Electrical synapses and their functional interactions with chemical synapses.Nat Rev Neurosci 15:250-263
Sanes JR, Yamagata M, (2009) Many paths to synaptic specificity.Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25:161-195
Sudhof TC, (2004) The synaptic vesicle cycle.Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-547
Sudhof TC, (2008) Neuroligins and neurexins link synaptic function to cognitive disease.Nature 455:903-911
Sudhof TC, Malenka RC, (2008) Understanding synapses: past, present, and future.Neuron 60:469-476
Varoqueaux F, Aramuni G, Rawson RL, Mohrmann R, Missler M, Gottmann K, Zhang W, Sudhof TC, Brose N, (2006) Neuroligins determine synapse maturation and function.Neuron 51:741-754
Yang X, Hou D, Jiang W, Zhang C, (2014) Intercellular protein–protein interactions at synapses.Protein Cell 5:420-444
Zhang C, Milunsky JM, Newton S, Ko J, Zhao G, Maher TA, Tager-Flusberg H, Bolliger MF, Carter AS, Boucard AA, Powell CM, Sudhof TC, (2009) A neuroligin-4 missense mutation associated with autism impairs neuroligin-4 folding and endoplasmic reticulum export.J Neurosci 29:10843-10854
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
京公网安备11010802044758号