Journal Home > Volume 11 , Issue 8

Triboelectrification between a liquid and a solid is a common phenomenon in our daily life and industry. Triboelectric charges generated at liquid/solid interfaces have effects on energy harvesting, triboelectrification-based sensing, interfacial corrosion, wear, lubrication, etc. Knowing the amount of triboelectric charge transfer is very useful for studying the mechanism and controlling these phenomena, in which an accurate method is absolutely necessary to measure the triboelectric charge generated at the solid–liquid interface. Herein, we established a method for measuring the charge transfer between different solids and liquids. An equipment based on the Faraday cup measurement was developed, and the leakage ratio (rl) was quantified through simulation based on an electrostatic field model. Typical experiments were conducted to validate the reliability of the method. This work provides an effective method for charge measurement in triboelectrification research.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Method for the measurement of triboelectric charge transfer at solid–liquid interface

Show Author's information Qin CHENBingxue CHENGTiancheng WANGHongfei SHANGTianmin SHAO( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China

Abstract

Triboelectrification between a liquid and a solid is a common phenomenon in our daily life and industry. Triboelectric charges generated at liquid/solid interfaces have effects on energy harvesting, triboelectrification-based sensing, interfacial corrosion, wear, lubrication, etc. Knowing the amount of triboelectric charge transfer is very useful for studying the mechanism and controlling these phenomena, in which an accurate method is absolutely necessary to measure the triboelectric charge generated at the solid–liquid interface. Herein, we established a method for measuring the charge transfer between different solids and liquids. An equipment based on the Faraday cup measurement was developed, and the leakage ratio (rl) was quantified through simulation based on an electrostatic field model. Typical experiments were conducted to validate the reliability of the method. This work provides an effective method for charge measurement in triboelectrification research.

Keywords: measurement, triboelectric charge, solid–liquid interface, Faraday cup, leakage ratio (rl)

References(42)

[1]
Zhao X J, Kuang S Y, Wang Z L, Zhu G. Highly adaptive solid–liquid interfacing triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting diverse water wave energy. ACS Nano 12(5): 4280–4285 (2018)
[2]
Zheng L, Lin Z H, Cheng G, Wu W Z, Wen X N, Lee S M, Wang Z L. Silicon-based hybrid cell for harvesting solar energy and raindrop electrostatic energy. Nano Energy 9: 291–300 (2014)
[3]
Zhang L M, Han C B, Jiang T, Zhou T, Li X H, Zhang C, Wang Z L. Multilayer wavy-structured robust triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting water wave energy. Nano Energy 22: 87–94 (2016)
[4]
Liu Y P, Zheng Y B, Li T H, Wang D A, Zhou F. Water–solid triboelectrification with self-repairable surfaces for water-flow energy harvesting. Nano Energy 61: 454–461 (2019)
[5]
Li Y W, Han P D, Li D C, Chen S Y, Wang Y M. Typical dampers and energy harvesters based on characteristics of ferrofluids. Friction 11(2): 165–186 (2023)
[6]
Yang P F, Wei G F, Liu A, Huo F W, Zhang Z N. A review of sampling, energy supply and intelligent monitoring for long-term sweat sensors. Npj Flex Electron 6: 33 (2022)
[7]
Zhang X L, Zheng Y B, Wang D A, Zhou F. Solid–liquid triboelectrification in smart U-tube for multifunctional sensors. Nano Energy 40: 95–106 (2017)
[8]
Zhang X L, Zheng Y B, Wang D A, Rahman Z U, Zhou F. Liquid–solid contact triboelectrification and its use in self-powered nanosensor for detecting organics in water. Nano Energy 30: 321–329 (2016)
[9]
Zhang W Q, Wang P F, Sun K, Wang C, Diao D F. Intelligently detecting and identifying liquids leakage combining triboelectric nanogenerator based self-powered sensor with machine learning. Nano Energy 56: 277–285 (2019)
[10]
Zhao X J, Zhu G, Fan Y J, Li H Y, Wang Z L. Triboelectric charging at the nanostructured solid/liquid interface for area-scalable wave energy conversion and its use in corrosion protection. ACS Nano 9(7): 7671–7677 (2015)
[11]
Cheng H W, Dienemann J N, Stock P, Merola C, Chen Y J, Valtiner M. The effect of water and confinement on self-assembly of imidazolium based ionic liquids at mica interfaces. Sci Rep 6: 30058 (2016)
[12]
Liu X, Zhang J J, Zhang L Q, Feng Y G, Feng M, Luo N, Wang D A. Influence of interface liquid lubrication on triboelectrification of point contact friction pair. Tribol Int 165: 107323 (2022)
[13]
He W C, Liu W L, Fu S K, Wu H Y, Shan C C, Wang Z, Xi Y, Wang X, Guo H Y, Liu H, et al. Ultrahigh performance triboelectric nanogenerator enabled by charge transmission in interfacial lubrication and potential decentralization design. Research 2022: 9812865 (2022)
[14]
Nie J H, Ren Z W, Xu L, Lin S Q, Zhan F, Chen X Y, Wang Z L. Probing contact-electrification-induced electron and ion transfers at a liquid–solid interface. Adv Mater 32(2): 1905696 (2020)
[15]
Lin S Q, Zheng M L, Luo J J, Wang Z L. Effects of surface functional groups on electron transfer at liquid–solid interfacial contact electrification. ACS Nano 14(8): 10733–10741 (2020)
[16]
Lin S Q, Xu L, Chi Wang A, Wang Z L. Quantifying electron-transfer in liquid–solid contact electrification and the formation of electric double-layer. Nat Commun 11(1): 399 (2020)
[17]
Park J. Demonstration and mechanism analysis of energy conversion device (ionovoltaic device) driven by water (electrolyte) movement. Ph.D. Thesis. Seoul (Korea): Seoul National University, 2018.
[18]
Zhang J Y, Rogers F J M, Darwish N, Gonçales V R, Vogel Y B, Wang F, Gooding J J, Peiris M C R, Jia G H, Veder J P, et al. Electrochemistry on tribocharged polymers is governed by the stability of surface charges rather than charging magnitude. J Am Chem Soc 141(14): 5863–5870 (2019)
[19]
Chen Y, Li X J, Xu C G, Wang D A, Huang J X, Guo Z G, Liu W M. Electron transfer dominated triboelectrification at the hydrophobic/slippery substrate–water interfaces. Friction (2022).
[20]
Zhang J Y, Lin S Q, Zheng M L, Wang Z L. Triboelectric nanogenerator as a probe for measuring the charge transfer between liquid and solid surfaces. ACS Nano 15(9): 14830–14837 (2021)
[21]
Zhou L L, Liu D, Wang J, Wang Z L. Triboelectric nanogenerators: Fundamental physics and potential applications. Friction 8(3): 481–506 (2020)
[22]
Tang Z, Lin S Q, Wang Z L. Quantifying contact-electrification induced charge transfer on a liquid droplet after contacting with a liquid or solid. Adv Mater 33(42): 2102886 (2021)
[23]
Lin S Q, Zheng M L, Wang Z L. Detecting the liquid–solid contact electrification charges in a liquid environment. J Phys Chem C 125(25): 14098–14104 (2021)
[24]
Yoo D, Park S C, Lee S, Sim J Y, Song I, Choi D, Lim H, Kim D S. Biomimetic anti-reflective triboelectric nanogenerator for concurrent harvesting of solar and raindrop energies. Nano Energy 57: 424–431 (2019)
[25]
Mariello M, Guido F, Mastronardi V M, Todaro M T, Desmaële D, de Vittorio M. Nanogenerators for harvesting mechanical energy conveyed by liquids. Nano Energy 57: 141–156 (2019)
[26]
Lai Y C, Hsiao Y C, Wu H M, Wang Z L. Waterproof fabric-based multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator for universally harvesting energy from raindrops, wind, and human motions and as self-powered sensors. Adv Sci 6(5): 1801883 (2019)
[27]
Liu Y Q, Sun N, Liu J W, Wen Z, Sun X H, Lee S T, Sun B Q. Integrating a silicon solar cell with a triboelectric nanogenerator via a mutual electrode for harvesting energy from sunlight and raindrops. ACS Nano 12(3): 2893–2899 (2018)
[28]
Nahian S A, Cheedarala R K, Ahn K K. A study of sustainable green current generated by the fluid-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FluTENG) with a comparison of contact and sliding mode. Nano Energy 38: 447–456 (2017)
[29]
Zou H Y, Zhang Y, Guo L T, Wang P H, He X, Dai G Z, Zheng H W, Chen C Y, Wang A C, Xu C, et al. Quantifying the triboelectric series. Nat Commun 10(1): 1427 (2019)
[30]
Stanford M G, Li J T, Chyan Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Tour J M. Laser-induced graphene triboelectric nanogenerators. ACS Nano 13(6): 7166–7174 (2019)
[31]
Ye Y, Cui A Y, Zhu L Q, Hu Z G, Jiang K, Shang L Y, Li Y W, Xu G S, Chu J H. Electric-double-layer oriented field-screening effect on high-resolution electromechanical imaging in conductive solutions. Phys Rev Appl 12(3): 034006 (2019)
[32]
Honbo K, Ogata S, Kitagawa T, Okamoto T, Kobayashi N, Sugimoto I, Shima S, Fukunaga A, Takatoh C, Fukuma T. Visualizing nanoscale distribution of corrosion cells by open-loop electric potential microscopy. ACS Nano 10(2): 2575–2583 (2016)
[33]
Collins L, Jesse S, Kilpatrick J I, Tselev A, Varenyk O, Okatan M B, Weber S A L, Kumar A, Balke N, Kalinin S V, et al. Probing charge screening dynamics and electrochemical processes at the solid–liquid interface with electrochemical force microscopy. Nat Commun 5: 3871 (2014)
[34]
Peltonen J, Murtomaa M, Salonen J. Measuring electrostatic charging of powders on-line during surface adhesion. J Electrostat 93: 53–57 (2018)
[35]
Choi D, Lee H, Im D J, Kang I S, Lim G, Kim D S, Kang K H. Spontaneous electrical charging of droplets by conventional pipetting. Sci Rep 3: 2037 (2013)
[36]
Cezan S D, Nalbant A A, Buyuktemiz M, Dede Y, Baytekin H T, Baytekin B. Control of triboelectric charges on common polymers by photoexcitation of organic dyes. Nat Commun 10(1): 276 (2019)
[37]
Amin M S, Peterson T F Jr, Zahn M. Advanced Faraday cage measurements of charge and open-circuit voltage using water dielectrics. J Electrostat 64(7–9): 424–430 (2006)
[38]
Wang T C, Yang Y L, Shao T M, Cheng B X, Zhao Q, Shang H F. Simulation of magnetic-field-induced ion motion in vacuum arc deposition for inner surfaces of tubular workpiece. Coatings 10(11): 1053 (2020)
[39]
Information on http://cn.comsol.com/support/knowledgebase/1272, 2022. (in Chinese)
[40]
Tilmatine O, Zeghloul T, Medles K, Dascalescu L, Fatu A. Effect of ambient air relative humidity on the triboelectric properties of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride slabs. J Electrostat 115: 103651 (2022)
[41]
Burgo T A L, Galembeck F, Pollack G H. Where is water in the triboelectric series? J Electrostat 80: 30–33 (2016)
[42]
Ying Z H, Long Y, Yang F, Dong Y T, Li J, Zhang Z Y, Wang X D. Self-powered liquid chemical sensors based on solid–liquid contact electrification. Analyst 146(5): 1656–1662 (2021)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 17 September 2022
Revised: 07 December 2022
Accepted: 05 January 2023
Published: 18 February 2023
Issue date: August 2023

Copyright

© The author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank Minghe WANG and Yulei YANG for their advice and help in electrostatic field simulation.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return