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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022, 11(10): 1499-1529 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0633-z
Review | Open Access | Issue | Published: 24 September 2022

Insight into rare-earth-incorporated catalysts: The chance for a more efficient ammonia synthesis

Show Author's Information Yutong GONGa,b,  Hongchen LIa,b,  Can LIb,  Xiaobing BAOa,b,  Hideo HOSONOc,  Junjie WANGa,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
Keywords:
mechanism, heterogeneous catalysis, ammonia synthesis, rare earth (RE), mild conditions
Cite this article:
GONG Y, LI H, LI C, et al. Insight into rare-earth-incorporated catalysts: The chance for a more efficient ammonia synthesis. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11(10): 1499-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0633-z
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Abstract Full text About this article

Recent studies have suggested that rare earth (RE) elements in catalysts significantly influence the performance of the ammonia synthesis. The REs appear in various forms in the ammonia synthesis catalysts including supports (oxides, hydrides, and nitrides), promotors, and intermetallic. Besides the conventional RE oxide-supporting catalysts (mainly Ru/REO), some new RE-containing catalyst systems, such as electrode and nitride systems, could drive the ammonia synthesis via a benign Mars–van Krevelen mechanism or multi-active-site mode, affording high ammonia synthesis performance under mild conditions. These works demonstrate the great potential of RE-containing catalysts for more efficient ammonia synthesis. This review summarizes the contributions of different kinds of RE-based catalysts and highlights the function mechanism of incorporated REs. Finally, an overview of this area and the challenges for further investigation are provided.


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About this article

Insight into rare-earth-incorporated catalysts: The chance for a more efficient ammonia synthesis

Show Author's information Yutong GONGa,b, Hongchen LIa,b, Can LIb, Xiaobing BAOa,b, Hideo HOSONOc, Junjie WANGa,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that rare earth (RE) elements in catalysts significantly influence the performance of the ammonia synthesis. The REs appear in various forms in the ammonia synthesis catalysts including supports (oxides, hydrides, and nitrides), promotors, and intermetallic. Besides the conventional RE oxide-supporting catalysts (mainly Ru/REO), some new RE-containing catalyst systems, such as electrode and nitride systems, could drive the ammonia synthesis via a benign Mars–van Krevelen mechanism or multi-active-site mode, affording high ammonia synthesis performance under mild conditions. These works demonstrate the great potential of RE-containing catalysts for more efficient ammonia synthesis. This review summarizes the contributions of different kinds of RE-based catalysts and highlights the function mechanism of incorporated REs. Finally, an overview of this area and the challenges for further investigation are provided.

Keywords: mechanism, heterogeneous catalysis, ammonia synthesis, rare earth (RE), mild conditions

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 27 December 2021
Revised: 07 July 2022
Accepted: 10 July 2022
Published: 24 September 2022
Issue date: October 2022

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2022.

Acknowledgements

Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51872242 and 21802120), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. D5000220172), and the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (No. 2021M692634) are greatly appreciated. Hideo Hosono was supported by the JSPS Kahenhi Grant-in-Aid (No. 17H06153).

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