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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015, 4(4): 245-252 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0156-y
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 22 September 2015

Production of geopolymer composites enhanced by nano-kaolin material

Show Author's Information Mahmoud M. HASSAANa,  Hisham M. KHATERb( ),  Medhat S. EL-MAHLLAWYb,  Abdeen M. EL NAGARb
Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC), 87 El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 1770, Cairo, Egypt
Keywords:
geopolymer, nano-kaolin, sodium silicate, slag
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HASSAAN MM, KHATER HM, EL-MAHLLAWY MS, et al. Production of geopolymer composites enhanced by nano-kaolin material. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(4): 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0156-y
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Abstract Full text About this article

Nowadays kaolin raw material is usually used to produce nano-kaolin for geopolymer enhancement by using firing method. In the present study, kaolin used was taken from the Naqus Formation (Cambro-Ordovician age), west of Gabal El Gunna, Sinai, Egypt. Nano-kaolin material is an ultrafine material and was prepared from the taken kaolin by the firing process at 800 ℃ for 2 h with a heating rate of 5 ℃/min. Six mixes were prepared and their laboratory specimens were made and cured up to 90 days. Water cooled slag was used as starting material, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used in the study as activators for the used kaolin. The formed geopolymer mixes with different ratios (1%, 1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of nano-kaolin as a partial replacement for the raw kaolin were investigated. Gelenium Ace super plasticizer was added in the ratio of 4% from the dry weight to ensure good dispersing of the used nano clay. Results showed that increasing the percentage of nano-kaolin up to 3% results in an enhancement in the mechanical properties as compared with the control mix up to 90 days of curing, while higher ratios are not preferable where they lead to agglomeration of the added nano materials and matrix dilution.


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Production of geopolymer composites enhanced by nano-kaolin material

Show Author's information Mahmoud M. HASSAANa, Hisham M. KHATERb( ), Medhat S. EL-MAHLLAWYb, Abdeen M. EL NAGARb
Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC), 87 El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 1770, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Nowadays kaolin raw material is usually used to produce nano-kaolin for geopolymer enhancement by using firing method. In the present study, kaolin used was taken from the Naqus Formation (Cambro-Ordovician age), west of Gabal El Gunna, Sinai, Egypt. Nano-kaolin material is an ultrafine material and was prepared from the taken kaolin by the firing process at 800 ℃ for 2 h with a heating rate of 5 ℃/min. Six mixes were prepared and their laboratory specimens were made and cured up to 90 days. Water cooled slag was used as starting material, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used in the study as activators for the used kaolin. The formed geopolymer mixes with different ratios (1%, 1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of nano-kaolin as a partial replacement for the raw kaolin were investigated. Gelenium Ace super plasticizer was added in the ratio of 4% from the dry weight to ensure good dispersing of the used nano clay. Results showed that increasing the percentage of nano-kaolin up to 3% results in an enhancement in the mechanical properties as compared with the control mix up to 90 days of curing, while higher ratios are not preferable where they lead to agglomeration of the added nano materials and matrix dilution.

Keywords: geopolymer, nano-kaolin, sodium silicate, slag

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 24 February 2015
Revised: 05 May 2015
Accepted: 11 May 2015
Published: 22 September 2015
Issue date: April 2015

Copyright

© The author(s) 2015

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the geologist Yousry Abu Qamar who works in the Middle East Mining Investment Co. (Egypt) for the facilities he offered in the field work.

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This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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