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Gas therapy (GT) exhibits great potential for clinical application due to its high therapeutic efficiency, low systemic side effects, and biosafety, thereinto, a multifunctional nanoplatform is generally needed for controllable gas release and precise delivery to tumor tissue. In this review, the recent development of multifunctional nanoplatforms for efficient tumor delivery of stimuli-responsive gas-releasing molecules (GRMs), which could be triggered by either exogenous physical or endogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) is summarized. The reported therapeutic gas molecules, including oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO), etc., could directly influence or change the pathological status. Additionally, abundant nanocarriers have been employed for gas delivery into cancer region, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, and liposomes, as well as non-nanocarriers including inorganic and organic nanoparticles. In the end, the outlooks of current challenges of GT and GRMs delivery nanoplatforms as well as the prospects of future clinical applications are proposed.

Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 25 March 2022
Revised: 23 April 2022
Accepted: 25 April 2022
Published: 28 May 2022
Issue date: March 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFB3801001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32030061 and 81720108023), and the Key Program for Basic Research of Shanghai (Nos. 19JC1415600 and 21JC1406000).

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