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Research Article

In situ synthesis of graphene oxide/gold nanorods theranostic hybrids for efficient tumor computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy

Bingmei Sun1,2, Jinrui Wu3, Shaobin Cui2, Huanhuan Zhu2, Wei An3, Qingge Fu4, Chengwei Shao5, Aihua Yao1( ), Bingdi Chen2( ), Donglu Shi2,6
School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800,Shanghai,201804,China;
The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai,200120,China;
School of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092,China;
Department of Emergency,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University,Shanghai,200433,China;
Radiology Department of Changhai Hosptial,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai,200433,China;
Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012, USA
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Graphene oxide/gold nanorod (GO/GNR) nanohybrids were synthesized with a GO- and gold-seed-mediated in situ growth method at room temperature by mixing polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) functionalized GO, secondary growth solution, and gold seeds. Compared with ex situ preparation methods of GO/GNRs or graphene (G)/GNRs, the in situ synthesis of GO/GNRs addressed the issue of the aggregation of the GNRs before their attachment onto the GO. The method is straightforward and environment-friendly. The GO/GNRs showed a remarkable photothermal effect in vitro. The temperature of the GO/GNR nanohybrids increased from 25 to 49.9 ℃ at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after irradiation with an 808-nm laser (0.4 W/cm2) for 6 min. Additionally, the GO/GNRs exhibited good optical and morphological stability and photothermal properties after six cycles of laser irradiation. Upon injection of the GO/GNRs into xenograft tumors, excellent computed tomography (CT) imaging properties and photothermal effect were obtained. The preclinical CT agent iohexol was combined with the GO/GNRs and further enhanced CT imaging. Therefore, the GO/GNR nanohybrids have great potential for precise CT-image-guided tumor photothermal treatment.

Keywords

graphene oxide/gold nanorodsin situ growthcomputed tomography imagingphotothermal therapy

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Nano Research
Volume 10 Issue 1,
January 2017
Pages 37-48
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1264-x
Cite this article:
Sun B, Wu J, Cui S, et al. In situ synthesis of graphene oxide/gold nanorods theranostic hybrids for efficient tumor computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy. Nano Research, 2017, 10(1): 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1264-x

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Received: 22 June 2016
Revised: 12 August 2016
Accepted: 26 August 2016
Published: 22 September 2016
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
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