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Cancer Innovation 2022, 1(3): 240-251 https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.29
Original Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 05 October 2022

An integrated analysis of C5AR2 related to malignant properties and immune infiltration of gliomas

Show Author's Information Chengying Huang1,2,  Ouwen Qiu3,  Chaofu Mao4,  Zhicheng Hu5,  Shanqiang Qu4 ( )
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
Keywords:
immunotherapy, glioma, biomarker, prognosis, microenvironment
Cite this article:
Huang C, Qiu O, Mao C, et al. An integrated analysis of C5AR2 related to malignant properties and immune infiltration of gliomas. Cancer Innovation, 2022, 1(3): 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.29
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Abstract Full text About this article
Background

C5AR2 is recognized as a proinflammatory molecule and activates the inflammatory response in multiple disorders. However, little has been reported on C5AR2 in glioma. This study sought to explore its expression, biological function, and association with clinical pathological indicators, prognosis, and immune infiltration levels in glioma through glioma cohorts.

Methods

A cohort of 657 patients was screened from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). χ2 test was performed to calculate the difference of classified variables. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to identify independent prognostic indicators of glioma patients. A survival plot was generated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The immune cell infiltration score of glioma patients was calculated by TIMER algorithm.

Results

We observed that high expression of C5AR2 was strongly associated with malignant clinical indicators in 657 patients with glioma, and patients with high C5AR2 expression had worse prognoses. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that C5AR2 could be a new independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that C5AR2 overexpression correlated with multiple inflammatory and immune biological processes. Additionally, high C5AR2 expression was strongly associated with higher abundance and marker gene expression of multiple tumor immune cells in low‐grade glioma. Finally, a model was constructed to improve the prognostic evaluation of glioma patients.

Conclusions

The C5AR2 gene is highly expressed in gliomas and is significantly associated with clinical indicators of malignant progression in glioma patients. In glioma, patients with high C5AR2 expression displayed a worse outcome. In glioma tissues, the expression level of C5AR2 highly correlated with the abundance of tumor immune cell infiltration. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that C5AR2 expression may be involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory biological processes.


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Abstract
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About this article

An integrated analysis of C5AR2 related to malignant properties and immune infiltration of gliomas

Show Author's information Chengying Huang1,2, Ouwen Qiu3, Chaofu Mao4, Zhicheng Hu5, Shanqiang Qu4 ( )
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China

Abstract

Background

C5AR2 is recognized as a proinflammatory molecule and activates the inflammatory response in multiple disorders. However, little has been reported on C5AR2 in glioma. This study sought to explore its expression, biological function, and association with clinical pathological indicators, prognosis, and immune infiltration levels in glioma through glioma cohorts.

Methods

A cohort of 657 patients was screened from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). χ2 test was performed to calculate the difference of classified variables. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to identify independent prognostic indicators of glioma patients. A survival plot was generated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The immune cell infiltration score of glioma patients was calculated by TIMER algorithm.

Results

We observed that high expression of C5AR2 was strongly associated with malignant clinical indicators in 657 patients with glioma, and patients with high C5AR2 expression had worse prognoses. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that C5AR2 could be a new independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that C5AR2 overexpression correlated with multiple inflammatory and immune biological processes. Additionally, high C5AR2 expression was strongly associated with higher abundance and marker gene expression of multiple tumor immune cells in low‐grade glioma. Finally, a model was constructed to improve the prognostic evaluation of glioma patients.

Conclusions

The C5AR2 gene is highly expressed in gliomas and is significantly associated with clinical indicators of malignant progression in glioma patients. In glioma, patients with high C5AR2 expression displayed a worse outcome. In glioma tissues, the expression level of C5AR2 highly correlated with the abundance of tumor immune cell infiltration. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that C5AR2 expression may be involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory biological processes.

Keywords: immunotherapy, glioma, biomarker, prognosis, microenvironment

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Publication history

Received: 31 March 2022
Accepted: 09 August 2022
Published: 05 October 2022
Issue date: October 2022

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© 2022 The Authors.

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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