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Energy Materials and Devices 2024, 2(1): 9370029 https://doi.org/10.26599/EMD.2024.9370029
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 29 March 2024

Efficiency enhancement to 24.62% in inverted perovskite solar cells through poly (ionic liquid) bulk modification

Show Author's Information Xingyuan Chen1,2,†,  Tong Wang1,2,†,  Jiabao Yang1,2,  Xingyu Pu1,2,  Hui Chen1,2,  Bingxiu Xue3,  Long Jiang4( ),  Jianbo Yin3( ),  Qi Cao1,2( ),  Xuanhua Li1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
State Key Laboratory for Performance and Structure Safety of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi’an 710077, China

† Xingyuan Chen and Tong Wang contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
defect passivation, inverted perovskite solar cells, bulk modification
Cite this article:
Chen X, Wang T, Yang J, et al. Efficiency enhancement to 24.62% in inverted perovskite solar cells through poly (ionic liquid) bulk modification. Energy Materials and Devices, 2024, 2(1): 9370029. https://doi.org/10.26599/EMD.2024.9370029
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Small-molecule ionic liquids (ILs) are frequently employed as efficient bulk phase modifiers for perovskite materials. However, their inherent characteristics, such as high volatility and ion migration properties, pose challenges in addressing the stability issues associated with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we design a poly(IL) with multiple active sites, named poly[4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide]pyridine (P[STFSI][PPyri]), as an efficient additive of perovskite materials. The S=O in the sulfonyl group chelates with uncoordinated Pb2+ and forms hydrogen bonds with the organic cations in the perovskite, suppressing the volatilization of the organic cations. The N+ in pyridine can fix halide ions through electrostatic interaction with I− and Br− ions to prevent halide ion migration. P[STFSI][PPyri] demonstrates the ability to passivate defects and suppress nonradiative recombination in PSCs. Additionally, it facilitates the fixation of organic and halide ions, thereby enhancing the device’s stability and photoelectric performance. Consequently, the introduction of P[STFSI][PPyri] as a dopant in the devices resulted in an excellent efficiency of 24.62%, demonstrating outstanding long-term operational stability, with the encapsulated device maintaining 87.6% of its initial efficiency even after 1500 h of continuous maximum power point tracking. This strategy highlights the promising potential of poly(IL) as an effective additive for PSCs, providing a combination of high performance and stability.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Efficiency enhancement to 24.62% in inverted perovskite solar cells through poly (ionic liquid) bulk modification

Show Author's information Xingyuan Chen1,2,†, Tong Wang1,2,†, Jiabao Yang1,2, Xingyu Pu1,2, Hui Chen1,2, Bingxiu Xue3, Long Jiang4( ), Jianbo Yin3( ), Qi Cao1,2( ), Xuanhua Li1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
State Key Laboratory for Performance and Structure Safety of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi’an 710077, China

† Xingyuan Chen and Tong Wang contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Small-molecule ionic liquids (ILs) are frequently employed as efficient bulk phase modifiers for perovskite materials. However, their inherent characteristics, such as high volatility and ion migration properties, pose challenges in addressing the stability issues associated with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we design a poly(IL) with multiple active sites, named poly[4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide]pyridine (P[STFSI][PPyri]), as an efficient additive of perovskite materials. The S=O in the sulfonyl group chelates with uncoordinated Pb2+ and forms hydrogen bonds with the organic cations in the perovskite, suppressing the volatilization of the organic cations. The N+ in pyridine can fix halide ions through electrostatic interaction with I− and Br− ions to prevent halide ion migration. P[STFSI][PPyri] demonstrates the ability to passivate defects and suppress nonradiative recombination in PSCs. Additionally, it facilitates the fixation of organic and halide ions, thereby enhancing the device’s stability and photoelectric performance. Consequently, the introduction of P[STFSI][PPyri] as a dopant in the devices resulted in an excellent efficiency of 24.62%, demonstrating outstanding long-term operational stability, with the encapsulated device maintaining 87.6% of its initial efficiency even after 1500 h of continuous maximum power point tracking. This strategy highlights the promising potential of poly(IL) as an effective additive for PSCs, providing a combination of high performance and stability.

Keywords: defect passivation, inverted perovskite solar cells, bulk modification

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Publication history

Received: 08 February 2024
Revised: 02 March 2024
Accepted: 05 March 2024
Published: 29 March 2024
Issue date: March 2024

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22261142666, 52372225, 52172237, 22305191, 21975205); the Science, Technology, and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (Grant No. GJHZ20220913143204008); the Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 2022JC-21); and Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (Grant No. sklssm2022022). We thank the members from the Analytical & Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University for the help of SEM, AFM, XRD, UPS, and XPS characterizations.

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